10 Common Jack Russell Terrier Health Issues

Even though they are tough and full of life, Jack Russell Terriers can face some health problems. Their high energy and unique build can lead to specific issues that owners should know about. In this guide, we will look at common health issues in Jack Russell Terriers and offer tips to help your dog stay in great shape.

10 Most Common Jack Russell Terrier Health Problems

#1: Patellar Luxation

Patellar luxation is a condition where the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal position. This can cause pain and affect your Jack Russell’s ability to walk or run. The small, compact build of Jack Russell Terriers makes them more prone to this issue.

10-15% of Jack Russell Terriers are affected.

When It Develops:

Usually between 1 and 3 years old.

How To Spot Symptoms:

• Lameness or skipping while walking
• Pain or discomfort in the knee area
• Swelling around the knee

Treatment:

Depending on severity, your vet may suggest rest, pain management, or surgery to correct the kneecap position.

Prevention:

Maintain a healthy weight and avoid high-impact activities to reduce stress on the joints.

#2: Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is a genetic condition where the retina deteriorates over time, leading to blindness. Jack Russell Terriers are among the breeds at risk for this condition.

10-12% of Jack Russell Terriers may develop PRA.

When It Develops:

Typically between 2 and 5 years old.

How To Spot Symptoms:

• Difficulty seeing in low light
• Bumping into objects
• Dilated pupils

Treatment:

There is no cure, but early diagnosis can help manage the condition and improve quality of life.

Prevention:

Regular eye exams can help catch PRA early.

#3: Skin Allergies

Skin allergies in Jack Russell Terriers can cause itching, redness, and discomfort. These allergies might be triggered by food, pollen, or other environmental factors.

About 10% of Jack Russell Terriers suffer from skin allergies.

When It Develops:

Can appear at any age but often starts between 1 and 3 years old.

How To Spot Symptoms:

• Frequent scratching or licking
• Red, inflamed skin
• Ear infections or hot spots

Treatment:

Your vet may recommend changes in diet, medications, or allergy testing to manage symptoms.

Prevention:

Identify and avoid allergens where possible. Regular grooming and maintaining a clean environment can also help.

4: Cataracts

Cataracts are cloudy areas that form in the lens of the eye, leading to impaired vision or blindness. Jack Russell Terriers are at risk for developing cataracts as they age.

Around 8-10% of Jack Russell Terriers may develop cataracts.

When It Develops:

Typically seen in older dogs, often after 5 years of age.

How To Spot Symptoms:

• Cloudy or hazy appearance in the eyes
• Difficulty seeing, especially in low light
• Changes in eye color

Treatment:

Surgical removal of the cataract can restore vision. Early diagnosis is key for successful outcomes.

Prevention:

Regular eye check-ups can help detect cataracts early.

#5: Dental Issues

Jack Russells are prone to dental problems such as tartar buildup and gum disease, which can lead to more serious oral health issues.

About 20% of Jack Russell Terriers experience dental problems.

When It Develops:

Can occur at any age but becomes more common as they get older.

How To Spot Symptoms:

• Bad breath
• Red or swollen gums
• Difficulty eating

Treatment:

Regular dental cleanings and proper oral hygiene can prevent and treat dental issues.

Prevention:

Brush your Jack Russell’s teeth regularly and schedule annual dental check-ups with your vet.

#6: Ear Infections

Due to their floppy ears, Jack Russell Terriers are more susceptible to ear infections, which can cause pain and discomfort.

Approximately 12-15% of Jack Russell Terriers experience ear infections.

When It Develops:

Can occur at any age but is more common in puppies and older dogs.

How To Spot Symptoms:

• Scratching or shaking the head
• Unpleasant odor from the ears
• Red or inflamed ear canal

Treatment:

Your vet will likely prescribe ear drops or other medications to clear up the infection.

Prevention:

Keep your Jack Russell’s ears clean and dry, and have them checked regularly by your vet.

#7: Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, leading to various health issues, including weight gain and lethargy.

About 8-12% of Jack Russell Terriers may have hypothyroidism.

When It Develops:

Typically between 4 and 8 years old.

How To Spot Symptoms:

• Weight gain despite normal diet
• Lethargy or low energy
• Dry, flaky skin

Treatment:

Usually managed with daily thyroid hormone replacement medication.

Prevention:

Regular vet check-ups can help monitor thyroid function.

#8: Liver Shunt

A liver shunt is a condition where blood bypasses the liver, causing various health problems. This condition can be congenital or develop over time.

About 5-8% of Jack Russell Terriers are affected.

When It Develops:

Often seen in puppies or young dogs.

How To Spot Symptoms:

• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Poor growth or weight loss
• Behavioral changes or seizures

Treatment:

Treatment may include special diets, medications, or surgery to correct the shunt.

Prevention:

Regular vet check-ups can help catch liver issues early.

#9: Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that causes seizures. Jack Russell Terriers can be prone to epilepsy, where the cause is unknown.

Around 5-10% of Jack Russell Terriers may suffer from epilepsy.

When It Develops:

Typically between 1 and 5 years old.

How To Spot Symptoms:

• Sudden, uncontrolled movements or convulsions
• Loss of consciousness
• Disorientation or confusion after a seizure

Treatment:

Your vet may prescribe anticonvulsant medications to manage seizures.

Prevention:

Regular veterinary care and monitoring can help manage the condition.

#10: Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a genetic condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit properly, leading to arthritis and pain. This issue is less common but still possible in Jack Russell Terriers.

Approximately 5-10% of Jack Russell Terriers may have hip dysplasia.

When It Develops:

Often seen between 1 and 3 years old.

How To Spot Symptoms:

• Difficulty moving or jumping
• Lameness or stiffness in the hind legs
• Pain or discomfort in the hip area

Treatment:

Treatment can range from medication and weight management to surgery in severe cases.

Prevention:

Maintain a healthy weight and avoid excessive jumping or running to reduce stress on the hips.

Does Pet Insurance Cover Common Jack Russell Health Issues?

Pet insurance can cover many health problems that Jack Russell Terriers might face, such as joint issues, eye problems, and skin allergies. However, the coverage depends on the specific policy you choose.

Most Jack Russell Terrier pet insurance plans cover:

• Accidents and Injuries
• Illnesses
• Diagnostic Tests
• Medications
• Surgeries
• Hospitalization

What’s not covered

Pre-existing Conditions: Any health problems your dog had before the insurance policy started.

Routine Care: Regular check-ups, vaccinations, and preventive treatments are often not included.